Month: May 2026

Expectations shape physiology. The terms placebo and nocebo capture the positive and negative consequences of those expectations. A placebo effect occurs when a beneficial health change follows an inert treatment…

Obesity is increasingly understood not as a matter of willpower or aesthetics, but as a multifaceted, long‑term medical condition shaped by biological, behavioral, social, and environmental influences. This broader understanding…

Artificial intelligence systems are increasingly used to generate scientific results, including hypotheses, data analyses, simulations, and even full research papers. These systems can process massive datasets, identify patterns faster than…